1. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY/INSTRUMENTAL
ANALYSIS
This Self Guided Introduction for College Students is valuable in
itself
and also has hundreds of useful theoretical links to elsewhere on the
Web.
Students inclined to the theoretical aspects of analytical chemistry
should
take a look at this site.
The requirements of an excellent laboratory notebook are a part of
analytical
chemistry courses. This site nicely summarize all.
Good laboratory notebooks as described above by patent lawyers are
necessary
for patent purposes. Students who may have interest in combining
chemistry
and patent law should look here. This site is a comprehensive resource
on technology law, with over 1,800 pages on patent, copyright,
trademark,
and Internet legal issues.
This International Society for Patent Information is a
not-for-profit
organization for individuals having a professional, scientific or
technical
interest in patent information.
The University of Virginia's Office of Environmental Health and
Safety
here presents detailed and clearly stated information on lab safety
practices,
safety and protective equipment, emergency procedures, labeling, and
classes
of materials.
If you need information about a chemical you might find this site
at
NIH (National Institutes of Health) to be of use. Take a look so that
you
know what is there.
This Board of the Federal government investigates chemical
accidents.
Over 60,000 are reported per year with an average of 226 annual deaths
and 2000 injuries.) This Web site of CSB has been rated one of he
government's
best.
This site has much authority.
This site at Berkeley has much useful information.
The Home Page of our Analytical Chemistry Division. Check it out!
An excellent site for the organiker but much analytical
information
for organic analysis is here.
Some of the best practical analytical chemistry is published
through
AOAC International whose motto is "The Scientific Association Dedicated
to Analytical Excellence." All chemists should be aware of this
organization
and AOAC publications. The Official Methods of the American
Organization
of Analytical Chemists is a multi-volume collection of protocols for
chemical
analyses. Students should view this collection to learn how very
specific
a good analytical method must be if the results are to be widely
accepted.
This organization, now called AOAC International, has
played
a major role in the history and achievements of analytical chemistry.
Files
of the organization are stored at Iowa State University and the
following
is from that site:
Biographical /
Historical
note
The Association of Official Analytical Chemists International
(AOAC)
was founded in 1884 as the Association of Official Agricultural
Chemists
by Dr. Harvey W. Wiley of the United States Department of Agriculture
and
a number of State Chemists. The purpose of the organization was to
develop,
test, standardize, and validate methods of analysis required in the
enforcement
of laws dealing with agricultural commodities. The membership voted to
change the organization's name to the Association of Official Chemists
at its annual meeting in 1965. In 1991 the name of the organization
changed
to Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. The AOAC
International is an independent association of scientists in the
private
and public sectors devoted to promoting methods of validation and
quality
measurements in the analytical Sciences. The first methods published by
the Association dealt only with fertilizers but the work expanded into
other areas such as animal feed and dairy products, and with the
passage
of the Food and Drug Act of 1906, to all foods and drugs. As additional
laws were passed by Congress and the States, the Association's program
covered pesticides (1910); cosmetics; and extraneous material, evidence
of insect and rodent attack of agricultural commodities, (1938);
additional
pesticides (1954); food additives (1957); hazardous substances (1960);
and drugs subject to abuse (1965). In 1965 the Association expanded its
programs in the microbiological area and the methods required for the
control
of air and water pollution.
The Association's work is published in
the
publication, "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of
Analytical
Chemists." The methods defined by this publication are used by Federal
and State agencies in their regulatory work and are accepted by the
courts as a source of valid methods of analysis to determine the
legality
of food and agricultural products and other commodities of interest to
agriculture and public health. The methods are also used by
industry
to determine whether their products will comply with the law before
they
are introduced in the channels of trade and in contracts and
specifications.
In analytical method development these Standard Reference
Materials
from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are
often
used to certify a new method.
In analytical chemistry and other chemistries we often need
physical
and chemical information about the reagents that we use. You will find
this commercial site to be quite valuable in your student laboratory
experiments
and later in professional practice of chemistry. If
you have not yet visited this site do so NOW and search on a few
chemicals
for practice.
The Transistor makes modern analytical chemistry possible.This is
the
story of the invention.
Often in analytical chemistry large data bases require specialized
applications
of mathematical concepts to chemical data. This area of analytical
chemistry
is termed chemometrics. This site, Chemometrics World, is the newest,
most
comprehensive web resource for chemometricians. Developed by Wiley, a
leading
publisher in Chemometrics, Chemometrics World adds to the familiar
resources
of the popular 'Chemometrics from A to Z' site developed by Rasmus Bro,
providing you with new valuable content, features and
functionality.Much
useful information about chemometrics is present here. Analytical
chemistry
students who are mathematically inclined might consider this area of
chemometrics
as a career choice. Other excellent sources of chemometric information
include CHEMOWEB
which is the home page of Ron Shaffer who is specialist in chemometrics
and in Umea in Sweden Johan Trygg maintains a Homepage
of Chemometrics.
The North American International Chemometric Society (NAmICS)
provides
sources of tutorials on the Internet.
Much chemometrics occurs at this site.
Chemometrics uses multi-variate statistics. This site has a good
overview
of multivariate statistics for undergraduates. Some multivariate
statistical
methods common in chemometrics: Data Screening, Multiple Correlation
and
Regression, Principal Components Analysis, Factor Analysis,
Discriminant
Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Spatial Autocorrelation. You must sign
up for use of this site but it is free.
This is a series of excellent articles on the general subject of
chemometrics.
This site at the University of Umea in Sweden is maintained by
Kurt
Irgum. I consider this to be the best place to begin looking at
Analytical
Chemistry and Chemical Instrumentation on the Web. Marvelous!
The site of this chromatographic supply company had an application
notes
database and a list of U.S. EPA and ASTM methods. These were in
addition
to product information. The company is now a part of the Varian Company.
This is an on-line textbook that makes extensive use of hypertext.
The
presentation emphasizes practicality and you should take a look. A hard
copy of this book is in the University Library.
This meeting is held in New Jersey in the Fall of every year. The
general
theme is Analytical Chemistry. Students taking a course in Analytical
Chemistry
should at least read the titles of the papers to see the wide range of
activities of analytical chemists. Because of this wide range of
activities
some analytical chemists now refer to their practice of analytical
science
rather than analytical chemistry. Times and functions do change. For
example
the Department of Chemistry at Harvard has become the Department of
Chemistry
and Chemical Biology. In any case students living within driving
distance
to this meeting should consider seriously attending.
Maintained by Zoltan Nagy at Argonne National Laboratory this
should
be the first place for you to look for
electrochemical
information. This site has excellent search functions and the entire
collection
of references is rapidly available. An extremely
useful site for one just beginning in electrochemistry!
One of the more used electrochemical methods of analytical
chemistry
is electrophoresis and this is the homepage of the society.
This site includes a library of 1000 chromatograms and 250 pages
of
GC (gas chromatography), SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) and CE (Capillary
Electrophoresis) data. The J&W Catalog and Technical Reference of
Chromatographic
Products is here on-line. The company is now a part of Agilent
Technologies.
In analytical chemistry we often use protocols delveloped by
others.
This manual from the National Institute of Safety and Occupational
Health
contains many of these protocols. Abbreviations are often used and a
good
source as to what a collection of letters means is at NIOSH
Codes.
Some samples require special procedures as microscopy and
microanalysis
for chemical analysis. This site shows how visually interesting
Analytical
Chemistry can be. Students who are highly visually oriented might find
this site useful in considering these areas as career choices.
Although intended for medically oriented students this site from
Arizona
offers a nice introduction into the instrumentation of microscopy. Many
chemical analyses are best done by using microscopy.
Many Nobel prizes have been awarded for research in Analytical
Chemistry.
This site of the Nobel Committee lists all winners and much of their
winning
works.
An important part of analytical chemistry is electroanalytical
chemistry
and many of these concepts and procedures are of great commercial
value.
This company specializes in electrochemical synthesis and this site is
another example of applied analytical chemistry.
This company, now a part of Agilent Technologies, specialized in
HPLC
chromatographic columns and provided here much useful information for
chromatographic
analyses: column selection guides, chromatograms, and other practical
information.
The role that Dr. Jack Kirkland, a pioneer in HPLC and especially in
the
development of chromatographic columns, played in this company makes
this
an exceptionally valuable site.
Sample preparation via microwaves is increasingly important in
Analytical
Chemistry. Time and the cost of a chemical analysis can be reduced
dramatically.
This site, Center for Microwave and Analytical Chemistry (C/MAC)
at Duquesne University is a source of practical information on this use
of microwaves for sample preparation.
Hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST),
this article introduces the basics of atomic structure and spectra.
There
is an emphasis on terminology and notation. Topics of discussion
include
wavelengths, intensities, shapes of spectral lines, and _LS_
coupling.
Commercial sites offer much practical information, here of
spectroscopy.
Professor Joseph P. Hornak, Ph.D. of Rochester Institute of
Technology
makes available his textbook with outstanding visuals. Of all the
techniques
in our instrumental analysis course NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)
has
the largest overall utility for the chemist. Students
should visit this site and work through the contents of the text.
This site, named WEBSPECTRA, provides students a searchable online
library
for practicing spectral interpretation. The
motivated
student will find WEBSPECTRA to be extremely useful in developing skill
in spectral interpretation!
This free Japanese searchable database of mass, NMR (proton and
carbon),
ESR and infrared spectral data contains over 30,000 compounds. Do take
a look.
To return to the CHEMFARM menu click: 
2. GENERAL RESOURCES
The Periodic Table is at the center of what chemists think about
and
do. This site allows rapid searchng of elemental properties and their
interelationships.
Well
worth a look and a bookmark!
If History of Chemistry might interest you,
this
is the place to start.
Its mission consist in collecting and independently annotating all
useful
organic chemistry sites and to present them in an intuitive way.
You
will learn much about ideal design of a web site by visiting this site!
This site offers easy, convenient access to many government
scientific
resources.
These online conferences provide much insight into the teaching of
modern
chemistry. Faculty and students should browse these sites. Use
of chemical instrumentation in education is a prominent part of these
conferences!
This is a searchable chemistry index from the University of
Liverpool.
By January, 2000 the site contained more than 7850 chemistry resources
in over 50 categories. Do take a look!
This site of the American Chemical Society is offered as a
universal
home page for chemistry-related information for all of society.
This database links over 4,000 consumer brands to health effects
from
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) provided by the manufacturers and
allows
scientists and consumers to research products based on chemical
ingredients.
The database is designed to help answer typical questions from the
consumer.
Provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
the
Fundamental Physical Constants Website is an extensive resource for
researchers,
educators, and students.
Although not a chemistry site this address contains many
redirections
to sources of general information. If you have
an
interest in general information you should bookmark this site!
This is a magnificent collection of data from the United States
Government.
Be sure to take a look. As a chemist you should know what content is at
this site. Also available from NIST are Standard
References Materials that are used by chemists to ensure accuracy
in
laboratory results.
This site listing sources of chemical information has the
advantage
of being maintained by Steven Bachrach who specializes in the use of
the
Internet by chemists.
Maintained by Keith Wilkinson of Edgehill College in England, this
is
a non-commercial resource for chemistry teachers in Europe and is a
collaborative
project between schools and universities. The links provided include
software,
databases, molecule libraries, and other chemistry-related resources
such
as mechanisms, environment, liquid crystals, and
analytical chemistry.
Historically PhD dissertations are stored at and available from
the
University of Michigan; abstracts are available in local libraries.
Some
dissertations are becoming available as pdf files (postscript data
files)
via this Web site. Students interested in seeing what is necessary to
attain
the PhD will find this Web site to be valuable.
This page at UCLA, maintained actively by Max Kopelevich, has a
greater
emphasis on the locations of sites of chemical content on the
internet.
This site is organized under the headings 1. Academic Institutions, 2.
Non-profit Organizations, 3. Commercial Organizations, 4.
Announcements,
Publications, Other Sources, 5. Gopher servers, 6. FTP (File Transfer
Protocol)
servers, 7. Chemical and Biochemical USENET news groups. If you know
the
name/location of the site that you wish to visit this is the best place
to start.
Carmen Giunta of Le Moyne College maintains this site displaying
many
papers from the early days of chemistry. Younger students will gain
insight
into the nature of early science/chemistry by reading some of thee
papers.
This is a selection of high quality chemical information on the
Internet
presented as a poster by Steven Bachrach, Thomas Pierce and Henry Rzepa
at the 210th ACS Meeting in August 1995. This site contains more than
60
redirections to the best 1. Chemical Pointers, 2. Chemical Internet
Standards,
3. "Value Added" Processing of Chemical Information, 4. Conferences and
Talks, 5. Visual Sources and Programs, 6. Teaching Resources, 7.
Electronic
Journals, 8. Organizations. The authors are pioneers in the chemical
use
of the Internet. Their reduction of many possible sites to these fewer
sites reflects these experiences and will save students much time.
This site is a continuation of the above presentation for
1995.
This is a definitive report from the specialist Wendy Warr on an
international
meeting on Chemistry and the Internet 1999 held in the Washington D.C.
area. Reading this will give you much information in a short period of
time.
This new database developed by the Department of Energy's (DOE)
Office
of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) allows users to search
across
abstracts and citations of multiple publishers in the physical sciences
and other energy-related disciplines for free. Currently, the database
indexes more than 1,000 scientific and technical journals. Users can
search
by keyword or publisher, or perform a multiple option advanced search.
Search returns include author, title, journal title and number, date,
and
a fair-sized abstract. Be sure to take a look at
this valuable FREE source. PubSCIENCE Discontinued
(November
4, 2002) by the Government. Scientific and technical information is
available
at www.osti.gov. Specific links are available for journal literature at
www.osti.gov/journal_sources.html.
This excellent site for wide-ranging information is at the
University
of California at Riverside.
The preeminent Internet publisher of literature, reference and
verse
providing students ,researchers and the intellectually curious with
unlimited
access to books and information on the web free of charge.
This is a Yahoo-like site for the sciences and a good place to
start
seeking general scientific information.
The home page of this classic reference gives access to the
Encyclopedia
and is well worth a look.
Dana Roth is Chemical Librarian at Cal Tech. This collection of
Web
sites here is of tremendous value to chemists and could be assembled
only
by a very skilled librarian with vast knowledge of chemical and other
sources.
Bookmark
this site and you will use it often!
The purpose of NTTC is to enhance the competitiveness of American
industry
in the global marketplace. NTTC is located at Wheeling Jesuit College
in
Wheeling, West Virginia. Over 25,000 people log-on to Business Gold at
this site each month seeking technology transfer from over 700 U.S.
Federal
laboratories. Students seeking practical applications of chemistry and
business opportunities might look at this site.
This is an excellent 27 lesson primer on the use of the Internet
in
the early days. Those starting from scratch in the use of the Internet
will find this site to be interesting. Beware that the site is from
about
1995 and is more of historical value now.
The Scout Project is for researchers, educators and others
interested
in using the Internet for access to quality resources. This site
contains
"Scout Reports" in Business & Economics, Science & Engineering,
and Social Sciences. Over 7300 Scout Reports on Web sites in these
areas
are here. Best of all these Scout Reports are
SEARCHABLE
and an excellent first choice for researching the Web. Those
just
beginning to use the Internet will find many answers to their questions
here. For your information Internic in an URL address stands for
INTERNet
Information Center. The Internic Home Page http://rs.internic.net
contains much additional useful information about the Internet.
The Internet Archive holds over ten billion Webpages and has
received
funding from the Library of Congress and the National Science
Foundation.
An excellent site with which to investigate the Web past.
This "web-ring" site interconnects many similar sites on the Web.
Do
take a peek .
CHEMFARM is not intended to be as inclusive as some other sites.
More
often you will search for the information needed. This "Scout" site
contains
redirections to many search protocols and excellent advice for using
such
tools. If you are looking for simplicity, you will likely find Hotbot
to be the most useful to you. However, most of
the
information on the Web is not recoverable by these searches! The
following data is from a paper in Nature, July 8, 1999:
|
SEARCH ENGINE |
|
WEB PAGE COVERAGE |
|
Northern Light |
|
16.0% |
|
Snap |
|
15.5% |
|
Alta Vista |
|
15.5% |
|
Hotbot |
|
11.3% |
|
Microsoft |
|
8.5% |
|
Infoseek |
|
8.0% |
|
Google |
|
7.8% |
|
Yahoo |
|
7.4% |
|
Excite |
|
5.6% |
|
Lycos |
|
2.5% |
|
Euroseek |
|
2.2% |
(Additional information from this paper in Nature is available
at
www.wwwmetrics.com)
Useful information for users of CHEMFARM may be better
recoverable
by using the redirections that I provide here for your use. Another
option
is to use a METASEARCH site
called
dogpile that searches many search engines and presents the results to
you.
Some other metasearch engines are metacrawler
, metasearch, google
(GOOGLE IS RATED BY MOST OF US AS THE NUMBER ONE SITE!), and
mamma.. You definitely should look at a science based search engine
SCIRUS
that
is also available. Lastly, if you find search engines to be interesting
and wish to remain current you should visit and bookmark the searchenginewatch
website and Search IQ.
Many service providers, some of which are free of charge, are also
worth a look:
