1. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY/INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS
This Self Guided Introduction for College Students is valuable in itself
and also has hundreds of useful theoretical links to elsewhere on the Web.
Students inclined to the theoretical aspects of analytical chemistry should
take a look at this site.
The requirements of an excellent laboratory notebook are a part of analytical
chemistry courses. This site nicely summarize all.
Good laboratory notebooks as described above by patent lawyers are necessary
for patent purposes. Students who may have interest in combining chemistry
and patent law should look here. This site is a comprehensive resource
on technology law, with over 1,800 pages on patent, copyright, trademark,
and Internet legal issues.
This International Society for Patent Information is a not-for-profit
organization for individuals having a professional, scientific or technical
interest in patent information.
The University of Virginia's Office of Environmental Health and Safety
here presents detailed and clearly stated information on lab safety practices,
safety and protective equipment, emergency procedures, labeling, and classes
of materials.
If you need information about a chemical you might find this site at
NIH (National Institutes of Health) to be of use. Take a look so that you
know what is there.
This Board of the Federal government investigates chemical accidents.
Over 60,000 are reported per year with an average of 226 annual deaths
and 2000 injuries.) This Web site of CSB has been rated one of he government's
best.
This site has much authority.
This site at Berkeley has much useful information.
The Home Page of our Analytical Chemistry Division. Check it out!
An excellent site for the organiker but much analytical information
for organic analysis is here.
Some of the best practical analytical chemistry is published through
AOAC International whose motto is "The Scientific Association Dedicated
to Analytical Excellence." All chemists should be aware of this organization
and AOAC publications. The Official Methods of the American Organization
of Analytical Chemists is a multi-volume collection of protocols for chemical
analyses. Students should view this collection to learn how very specific
a good analytical method must be if the results are to be widely accepted.
This organization, now called AOAC International, has played
a major role in the history and achievements of analytical chemistry. Files
of the organization are stored at Iowa State University and the following
is from that site:
Biographical / Historical
note
The Association of Official Analytical Chemists International (AOAC)
was founded in 1884 as the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists
by Dr. Harvey W. Wiley of the United States Department of Agriculture and
a number of State Chemists. The purpose of the organization was to develop,
test, standardize, and validate methods of analysis required in the enforcement
of laws dealing with agricultural commodities. The membership voted to
change the organization's name to the Association of Official Chemists
at its annual meeting in 1965. In 1991 the name of the organization changed
to Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. The AOAC
International is an independent association of scientists in the private
and public sectors devoted to promoting methods of validation and quality
measurements in the analytical Sciences. The first methods published by
the Association dealt only with fertilizers but the work expanded into
other areas such as animal feed and dairy products, and with the passage
of the Food and Drug Act of 1906, to all foods and drugs. As additional
laws were passed by Congress and the States, the Association's program
covered pesticides (1910); cosmetics; and extraneous material, evidence
of insect and rodent attack of agricultural commodities, (1938); additional
pesticides (1954); food additives (1957); hazardous substances (1960);
and drugs subject to abuse (1965). In 1965 the Association expanded its
programs in the microbiological area and the methods required for the control
of air and water pollution.
The Association's work is published in the
publication, "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Analytical
Chemists." The methods defined by this publication are used by Federal
and State agencies in their regulatory work and are accepted by the
courts as a source of valid methods of analysis to determine the legality
of food and agricultural products and other commodities of interest to
agriculture and public health. The methods are also used by industry
to determine whether their products will comply with the law before they
are introduced in the channels of trade and in contracts and specifications.
In analytical method development these Standard Reference Materials
from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are often
used to certify a new method.
In analytical chemistry and other chemistries we often need physical
and chemical information about the reagents that we use. You will find
this commercial site to be quite valuable in your student laboratory experiments
and later in professional practice of chemistry. If
you have not yet visited this site do so NOW and search on a few chemicals
for practice.
The Transistor makes modern analytical chemistry possible.This is the
story of the invention.
Often in analytical chemistry large data bases require specialized applications
of mathematical concepts to chemical data. This area of analytical chemistry
is termed chemometrics. This site, Chemometrics World, is the newest, most
comprehensive web resource for chemometricians. Developed by Wiley, a leading
publisher in Chemometrics, Chemometrics World adds to the familiar resources
of the popular 'Chemometrics from A to Z' site developed by Rasmus Bro,
providing you with new valuable content, features and functionality.Much
useful information about chemometrics is present here. Analytical chemistry
students who are mathematically inclined might consider this area of chemometrics
as a career choice. Other excellent sources of chemometric information
include CHEMOWEB
which is the home page of Ron Shaffer who is specialist in chemometrics
and in Umea in Sweden Johan Trygg maintains a Homepage
of Chemometrics.
The North American International Chemometric Society (NAmICS) provides
sources of tutorials on the Internet.
Much chemometrics occurs at this site.
Chemometrics uses multi-variate statistics. This site has a good overview
of multivariate statistics for undergraduates. Some multivariate statistical
methods common in chemometrics: Data Screening, Multiple Correlation and
Regression, Principal Components Analysis, Factor Analysis, Discriminant
Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Spatial Autocorrelation. You must sign
up for use of this site but it is free.
This is a series of excellent articles on the general subject of chemometrics.
This site at the University of Umea in Sweden is maintained by Kurt
Irgum. I consider this to be the best place to begin looking at Analytical
Chemistry and Chemical Instrumentation on the Web. Marvelous!
The site of this chromatographic supply company had an application notes
database and a list of U.S. EPA and ASTM methods. These were in addition
to product information. The company is now a part of the Varian Company.
This is an on-line textbook that makes extensive use of hypertext. The
presentation emphasizes practicality and you should take a look. A hard
copy of this book is in the University Library.
This meeting is held in New Jersey in the Fall of every year. The general
theme is Analytical Chemistry. Students taking a course in Analytical Chemistry
should at least read the titles of the papers to see the wide range of
activities of analytical chemists. Because of this wide range of activities
some analytical chemists now refer to their practice of analytical science
rather than analytical chemistry. Times and functions do change. For example
the Department of Chemistry at Harvard has become the Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology. In any case students living within driving distance
to this meeting should consider seriously attending.
Maintained by Zoltan Nagy at Argonne National Laboratory this should
be the first place for you to look for electrochemical
information. This site has excellent search functions and the entire collection
of references is rapidly available. An extremely
useful site for one just beginning in electrochemistry!
One of the more used electrochemical methods of analytical chemistry
is electrophoresis and this is the homepage of the society.
This site includes a library of 1000 chromatograms and 250 pages of
GC (gas chromatography), SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) and CE (Capillary
Electrophoresis) data. The J&W Catalog and Technical Reference of Chromatographic
Products is here on-line. The company is now a part of Agilent Technologies.
In analytical chemistry we often use protocols delveloped by others.
This manual from the National Institute of Safety and Occupational Health
contains many of these protocols. Abbreviations are often used and a good
source as to what a collection of letters means is at NIOSH
Codes.
Some samples require special procedures as microscopy and microanalysis
for chemical analysis. This site shows how visually interesting Analytical
Chemistry can be. Students who are highly visually oriented might find
this site useful in considering these areas as career choices.
Although intended for medically oriented students this site from Arizona
offers a nice introduction into the instrumentation of microscopy. Many
chemical analyses are best done by using microscopy.
Many Nobel prizes have been awarded for research in Analytical Chemistry.
This site of the Nobel Committee lists all winners and much of their winning
works.
An important part of analytical chemistry is electroanalytical chemistry
and many of these concepts and procedures are of great commercial value.
This company specializes in electrochemical synthesis and this site is
another example of applied analytical chemistry.
This company, now a part of Agilent Technologies, specialized in HPLC
chromatographic columns and provided here much useful information for chromatographic
analyses: column selection guides, chromatograms, and other practical information.
The role that Dr. Jack Kirkland, a pioneer in HPLC and especially in the
development of chromatographic columns, played in this company makes this
an exceptionally valuable site.
Sample preparation via microwaves is increasingly important in Analytical
Chemistry. Time and the cost of a chemical analysis can be reduced dramatically.
This site, Center for Microwave and Analytical Chemistry (C/MAC)
at Duquesne University is a source of practical information on this use
of microwaves for sample preparation.
Hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
this article introduces the basics of atomic structure and spectra. There
is an emphasis on terminology and notation. Topics of discussion include
wavelengths, intensities, shapes of spectral lines, and _LS_ coupling.
Commercial sites offer much practical information, here of spectroscopy.
Professor Joseph P. Hornak, Ph.D. of Rochester Institute of Technology
makes available his textbook with outstanding visuals. Of all the techniques
in our instrumental analysis course NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) has
the largest overall utility for the chemist. Students
should visit this site and work through the contents of the text.
This site, named WEBSPECTRA, provides students a searchable online library
for practicing spectral interpretation. The motivated
student will find WEBSPECTRA to be extremely useful in developing skill
in spectral interpretation!
This free Japanese searchable database of mass, NMR (proton and carbon),
ESR and infrared spectral data contains over 30,000 compounds. Do take
a look.
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2. GENERAL RESOURCES
The Periodic Table is at the center of what chemists think about and
do. This site allows rapid searchng of elemental properties and their interelationships.
Well
worth a look and a bookmark!
If History of Chemistry might interest you, this
is the place to start.
Its mission consist in collecting and independently annotating all useful
organic chemistry sites and to present them in an intuitive way.
You
will learn much about ideal design of a web site by visiting this site!
This site offers easy, convenient access to many government scientific
resources.
These online conferences provide much insight into the teaching of modern
chemistry. Faculty and students should browse these sites. Use
of chemical instrumentation in education is a prominent part of these conferences!
This is a searchable chemistry index from the University of Liverpool.
By January, 2000 the site contained more than 7850 chemistry resources
in over 50 categories. Do take a look!
This site of the American Chemical Society is offered as a universal
home page for chemistry-related information for all of society.
This database links over 4,000 consumer brands to health effects from
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) provided by the manufacturers and allows
scientists and consumers to research products based on chemical ingredients.
The database is designed to help answer typical questions from the consumer.
Provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the
Fundamental Physical Constants Website is an extensive resource for researchers,
educators, and students.
Although not a chemistry site this address contains many redirections
to sources of general information. If you have an
interest in general information you should bookmark this site!
This is a magnificent collection of data from the United States Government.
Be sure to take a look. As a chemist you should know what content is at
this site. Also available from NIST are Standard
References Materials that are used by chemists to ensure accuracy in
laboratory results.
This site listing sources of chemical information has the advantage
of being maintained by Steven Bachrach who specializes in the use of the
Internet by chemists.
Maintained by Keith Wilkinson of Edgehill College in England, this is
a non-commercial resource for chemistry teachers in Europe and is a collaborative
project between schools and universities. The links provided include software,
databases, molecule libraries, and other chemistry-related resources such
as mechanisms, environment, liquid crystals, and
analytical chemistry.
Historically PhD dissertations are stored at and available from the
University of Michigan; abstracts are available in local libraries. Some
dissertations are becoming available as pdf files (postscript data files)
via this Web site. Students interested in seeing what is necessary to attain
the PhD will find this Web site to be valuable.
This page at UCLA, maintained actively by Max Kopelevich, has a greater
emphasis on the locations of sites of chemical content on the internet.
This site is organized under the headings 1. Academic Institutions, 2.
Non-profit Organizations, 3. Commercial Organizations, 4. Announcements,
Publications, Other Sources, 5. Gopher servers, 6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
servers, 7. Chemical and Biochemical USENET news groups. If you know the
name/location of the site that you wish to visit this is the best place
to start.
Carmen Giunta of Le Moyne College maintains this site displaying many
papers from the early days of chemistry. Younger students will gain insight
into the nature of early science/chemistry by reading some of thee papers.
This is a selection of high quality chemical information on the Internet
presented as a poster by Steven Bachrach, Thomas Pierce and Henry Rzepa
at the 210th ACS Meeting in August 1995. This site contains more than 60
redirections to the best 1. Chemical Pointers, 2. Chemical Internet Standards,
3. "Value Added" Processing of Chemical Information, 4. Conferences and
Talks, 5. Visual Sources and Programs, 6. Teaching Resources, 7. Electronic
Journals, 8. Organizations. The authors are pioneers in the chemical use
of the Internet. Their reduction of many possible sites to these fewer
sites reflects these experiences and will save students much time.
This site is a continuation of the above presentation for 1995.
This is a definitive report from the specialist Wendy Warr on an international
meeting on Chemistry and the Internet 1999 held in the Washington D.C.
area. Reading this will give you much information in a short period of
time.
This new database developed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office
of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) allows users to search across
abstracts and citations of multiple publishers in the physical sciences
and other energy-related disciplines for free. Currently, the database
indexes more than 1,000 scientific and technical journals. Users can search
by keyword or publisher, or perform a multiple option advanced search.
Search returns include author, title, journal title and number, date, and
a fair-sized abstract. Be sure to take a look at
this valuable FREE source. PubSCIENCE Discontinued (November
4, 2002) by the Government. Scientific and technical information is available
at www.osti.gov. Specific links are available for journal literature at
www.osti.gov/journal_sources.html.
This excellent site for wide-ranging information is at the University
of California at Riverside.
The preeminent Internet publisher of literature, reference and verse
providing students ,researchers and the intellectually curious with unlimited
access to books and information on the web free of charge.
This is a Yahoo-like site for the sciences and a good place to start
seeking general scientific information.
The home page of this classic reference gives access to the Encyclopedia
and is well worth a look.
Dana Roth is Chemical Librarian at Cal Tech. This collection of Web
sites here is of tremendous value to chemists and could be assembled only
by a very skilled librarian with vast knowledge of chemical and other sources.
Bookmark
this site and you will use it often!
The purpose of NTTC is to enhance the competitiveness of American industry
in the global marketplace. NTTC is located at Wheeling Jesuit College in
Wheeling, West Virginia. Over 25,000 people log-on to Business Gold at
this site each month seeking technology transfer from over 700 U.S. Federal
laboratories. Students seeking practical applications of chemistry and
business opportunities might look at this site.
This is an excellent 27 lesson primer on the use of the Internet in
the early days. Those starting from scratch in the use of the Internet
will find this site to be interesting. Beware that the site is from about
1995 and is more of historical value now.
The Scout Project is for researchers, educators and others interested
in using the Internet for access to quality resources. This site contains
"Scout Reports" in Business & Economics, Science & Engineering,
and Social Sciences. Over 7300 Scout Reports on Web sites in these areas
are here. Best of all these Scout Reports are SEARCHABLE
and an excellent first choice for researching the Web. Those just
beginning to use the Internet will find many answers to their questions
here. For your information Internic in an URL address stands for INTERNet
Information Center. The Internic Home Page http://rs.internic.net
contains much additional useful information about the Internet.
The Internet Archive holds over ten billion Webpages and has received
funding from the Library of Congress and the National Science Foundation.
An excellent site with which to investigate the Web past.
This "web-ring" site interconnects many similar sites on the Web. Do
take a peek .
CHEMFARM is not intended to be as inclusive as some other sites. More
often you will search for the information needed. This "Scout" site contains
redirections to many search protocols and excellent advice for using such
tools. If you are looking for simplicity, you will likely find Hotbot
to be the most useful to you. However, most of the
information on the Web is not recoverable by these searches! The
following data is from a paper in Nature, July 8, 1999:
|
SEARCH ENGINE |
|
WEB PAGE COVERAGE |
|
Northern Light |
|
16.0% |
|
Snap |
|
15.5% |
|
Alta Vista |
|
15.5% |
|
Hotbot |
|
11.3% |
|
Microsoft |
|
8.5% |
|
Infoseek |
|
8.0% |
|
Googie |
|
7.8% |
|
Yahoo |
|
7.4% |
|
Excite |
|
5.6% |
|
Lycos |
|
2.5% |
|
Euroseek |
|
2.2% |
(Additional information from this paper in Nature is available at
www.wwwmetrics.com)
Useful information for users of CHEMFARM may be better recoverable
by using the redirections that I provide here for your use. Another option
is to use a METASEARCH site called
dogpile that searches many search engines and presents the results to you.
Some other metasearch engines are metacrawler
, metasearch, google
(GOOGLE IS RATED BY MOST OF US AS THE NUMBER ONE SITE!), and
mamma.. You definitely should look at a science based search engine
SCIRUS
that
is also available. Lastly, if you find search engines to be interesting
and wish to remain current you should visit and bookmark the searchenginewatch
website and Search IQ.
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3.CHEMICAL LITERATURE SEARCHING
This is a collection of sites and data that summarizes this growth.
Beilstein is one of the classic references in chemistry and much used
by organic chemists. This is their Internet site.
The American Chemical Society provides on the Internet a series of teaching
modules to introduce computerized literature searching of Chemical Abstracts.
The procedures can be complex and require much practice for effective searching.
The beginner should learn the fundamentals from these modules and then
work initially with a more experienced searcher. Because of the complexity
of the searching process the software package termed STN Express has been
introduced by Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) to simplify the computerized
searching process. The user is guided through the setting up of the search
off-line by the STN Express software. Once the search information has been
entered into the STN Express program, the connection via modem is made
and the computerized search is done. An overview of STN Express is given
in the STN Mentor lesson available on disk from Chemical Abstracts. STN
Mentor is available to the students at Fairfield University in my directory
MACDONAL on our mainframe.
These modules have been created to help customers enhance their skills
with the STN Express with Discover Version 6.0
This is a course with exercises that introduces the chemistry student
to literature searching over the internet.
IBM provides this site to search the patent literature at no cost. Chemistry
students who have an interest in law school might consider patent law as
a speciality. Taking a look at this site may help in your choice.
Patentmineris
thought by many to be a better free site for obtaining patents. The
U.S.
Patent Office also maintains a searchable database. Another source
is also at IBM.
Chemical information and literature searching are related. Gary Wiggins
who is mentioned above also maintains this site devoted to chemical information
at Indiana University. A course on chemical
literature searching is offered at Indiana University and much of that
course is contained at this site. Chemistry students interested in library
science or computer literarture searching as a career should visit this
site
To return to the CHEMFARM menu click:
4. CHEMICAL EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
The following educational sites have much analytical content or lead
to useful information elsewhere. For my students of Chemical Analysis the
site at Virginia Tech is most useful but the other sites also have much
chemical educational content.
This site at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA is the site that from the
point of view of chemical education is most impressive to me. A variety
of chemistries are presented and analytical chemistry is particularly well
done. The content of this site at Virginia Tech is continually expanded
and updated.
The ASDL is an electronic library that collects, catalogs and links
web-based information or discovery material (URLs) pertinent to
innovations in curricular development and supporting resources in
the analytical sciences. Analytical science is the characterization
and/or analysis of matter - an area that is a part of many different
disciplines. These links have been well vetted. If
you like animations go!
A remote instrumentation project involving NMR and other techniques.
This site is an example of what chemical education will include in the
near future.
Virtual Chemistry uses the latest multimedia technology for virtual
experiments. Selected chemistry videos (RealPlayer) may also be accessed
through the Virtual Chemistry Website. Additional links are provided for
multimedia learning.
This site contains many graphics to be viewed and/or downloaded for
your use.
This site is a Summary of Activities at Lebanon Valley College and is
an excellent introduction to the teaching of this topic at the undergraduate
level. The beginning student of chemistry will get much from this site.
I
highly recommend that you spend some time there.
In addition to the Analytical Chemistry course material above, many
other chemistry courses on the internet can be accessed through this site
at Indiana University.
This site in London, England is actively maintained and quickly leads
to many other valuable sites. Here among other useful sites you will find
their GLOBAL INSTRUCTIONAL CENTER (GIC) that is among the top 5% of all
sites on the Internet. The content of this GIC site is directed towards
chemistry students and educators. The GIC site is also actively maintained
by Henry Rezpa, a pioneer in the chemical use of the Internet, and the
contents are augmented often.
Professor Emeritus O'Haver (a graduate of our Jesuit Collge of the South,
Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama) pioneered at the University of
Maryland in the use and application of the Internet in chemistry. His selection
of redirections at this site allows efficient exploration of the Web for
chemistry students. His tutorials here are particularly valuable to students
of Analytical Chemistry.
Much of chemistry is applied physics and this site is quite interesting
This site at the University of Texas redirects the student to a variety
of chemistry course materials available elsewhere on the Internet
To return to the CHEMFARM menu click:
5. ORGANIZATIONS
This list from Yahoo is quite complete but some sites are more interesting/valuable
to me. Some of these sites I expand upon below
This Web site is of the American Chemical Society (ACS) which is the
largest society devoted to a single science in the world. At this site
is information about Membership, the ChemCenter Web site, Office of Industrial
Relations, Publications, Education, Chemical Abstract Service, International
Activities and Government Affairs. Student Affiliates of ACS and other
students of chemistry will learn much about the practical and professional
aspects of chemistry from this Web site of the American Chemical Society.
This site has useful information on water and the analysis of water.
Analytical chemists play a major role in providing quality water to the
population.
This site is also accessible from the ACS site above and contains the
STN tutorial mentioned earlier. This CAS site contains 1. About CAS, 2.
Products and Services, 3. Support and Training, 4. What's New. The content
is kept current and Recent Additions to this site are listed and easily
accessed with their URL pointers. This is a site of particular interest
for the chemistry student who is considering a career in library science.
The Electrochemical Society does focus on theory but also has divisions
that focus on topics that are applied to chemical analysis. Chemical
sensors that convert a physical/chemical property into an electrical
signal are of increasing importance and an an integral part of modern analytical
chemistry.
This homepage of IUPAC presents cooperation in chemistry at the international
level.
These many academic chemistry sites demonstrate how pervasive Chemistry
on the Internet is. A simple click on the mouse effectively puts the Fairfield
University student in chemistry departments all over the world. Similar
sites exist for the business community.
This is the Web site of one the European equivalents of the American
Chemical Society.
Optical methods of analysis are a major component of the chemical science.
SAS is devoted to these analytical methods. Students of chemistry should
have a look at this site.
To return to the CHEMFARM menu click:
6. PUBLICATIONS
Many publications are making useful information available on their Web
sites. Students who are still considering the directions that their careers
may take may find the monitoring of some of these publications to be of
value in making career choices.
The American Chemical Society publishes 25 scientific journals and 4
magazines. These publications contain annually over 200,000 pages of chemical
content. Chemical publishing is a career choice that chemistry majors might
want to consider. Browsing this site will be informative and useful for
the student of chemistry and the professor. For example, the Tables of
Contents of the 25 ACS Journals are free at this site under ACS Magazines
and Journals/Journal Home Pages.
Analytical chemistry requires standardization. This organization specializes
in the development of standards and the publication of these standards.
Many of these standards are used in Analytical Chemistry. Chemistry students
should be aware of ANSI and how to find and use these standards.
This news magazine provides useful information for the student interested
in entering the chemical industry.
This publishing house located in the Netherlands is a major player in
chemical publishing and use of the Internet by chemists.
NATURE is a weekly scientific journal specializing in the biological
and physical sciences. Publishing for over 125 years NATURE contains not
only original research but also scientific news, trends, ideas, technology
and products.
This Web site of the weekly magazine of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science (AAAS) presents summaries of articles and other
weekly updates. This site is a convenient way for the chemistry student
to maintain some currency in a variety of sciences.
This is a trade journal, subsidized by advertising, and provided free
to professional scientists. Much practical analytical chemistry is available
at sites as these.
This Web site of this leading news magazine of the chemical industry
offers a variety of services and information that will give the student
insight into the chemical industry. Many students enter the chemical industry
with little understanding of what is expected of them. Occasional visits
to this site will be of value to these students who intend to enter the
chemical industry.
This Web site is of a monthly publication intended for research and
development scientists. The chemistry student may obtain insight into research
and development by visiting this site.
This newspaper for the life sciences is published biweekly. Analytical
chemistry plays an important role in the workings of the life sciences.
Visiting this site regularly is a convenient way for the analytical chemist
to maintain some currency in the life sciences. This
site is searchable and contains many short reviews of current and recent
advances in the life sciences!
To return to the CHEMFARM menu click: .
7. SOFTWARE
Some of the vast amount of useful software available on the Internet
will be of interest to undergraduates and they should know how to find
it:
Among the best of the sites containing many, many computer programs
are:
Your early familiarization and use of these four sites will increase
your proficiency in the use of computers and the internet.
In his book "The Wonderful World Within You" Roger Williams introduces
"cartwheel" diagrams of nutrients (the vitamins, the minerals, the amino
acids, fiber and essential fatty acids) in many foods. The length of a
wheel spoke depicts the content of that nutrient in that food. The nutrient
quality of that food is visualized and foods can be compared for nutrient
quality. This site contains a freeware program for Windows 95 that displays
these wheels in color on your computer. Many useful additional features
and information are incorporated into the program. I recommend that you
download this free program and use it. I guarantee that you will be impressed
and become very well informed about our chemical nutrients Enjoy!
Much chemical software is listed here under many different chemical
categories.
This is a very comprehensive site and the name says it all.
This company sells chemical drawing software and makes some excellent
additional software available for free (Freeware). Take a look and download
some if only for the experience of getting software from the Internet.
This company also sells chemical software and makes some useful software
available for free (Freeware). You might also take a look here and download
some for personal use.
This is a commercial site with a lot of advertising but it is a decent
source for shareware because of the design of the site. Do take a look.
A comprehensive commercial site that does have some freeware there.
The Department of Chemistry at Imperial College of Science, Technology
and Medicine provides the Molecular Modelling for Organic Chemistry Website.
Molecular modelling is defined as a "technique for deriving, representing
and manipulating the structures and reactions of molecules, and those properties
that are dependent on these three dimensional structures." This
site aims to help users learn which molecular modelling tool is appropriate
for a typical problem depending on structure, activity or reactivity, and
the limitations and strengths of each method. Sections included
at the site are Introduction, Overview, the various Case Studies (1-12),
Transition State WS, Course Problems, and Available Modelling Programs.
A list of related links rounds out the site. If you have the computer capability
and are just starting in molecular modelling this is an excellent site.
The company makes available to students a free download of a personal
Windows copy of their Chemical Structure Drawing package, ISIS/Draw 2.2
for Windows 95. The software allows the student to construct and save molecular
structures. The company encourages all faculty to download and install
the free copy! The program originally sold for about $500 so a free copy
for students and faculty is better than you can do in Filene's Basement
(I'm from Savin Street in Cherry Valley in the Roxbury
section of Boston.).
Computer magazines maintain Web sites that contain much useful information
and software that you can download. The software is mostly non-chemical.
Some of these sites are:
This is a large library of software and associated information maintained
by the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL). If you are looking for mathematical and/ or associated software
this is the place to go. By September, 1999 there
were over 52 million accesses to this site!
This is a PC/Mac/Unix Free Viewer that allows the user to manipulate
molecules in three dimensions. Rasmol is also available to Fairfield University
students in the directory MACDONAL on the mainframe. Input structure files
are necessary to use Rasmol. An excellent source of these files and much
other pertinent information is at Okahagan
University, British Columbia, Canada A larger number of downloadable
structure files is at Brookhaven National
Laboratory. These .PDB (Protein Data Bank) structure files at BNL numbered
8568 proteins, 646 nucleic acids and 12 carbohydrates by February, 1999.
The number increases at a rate of over 1000 per year. On July 1, 1999 the
site moved to Research Collaboratory
Structural Informatics and by November, 1999 contained over 11,065
PDB structures!
These free programs from prominent biochemists at Cornell University
epitomize modern structural biochemistry. If you wish to see what the leaders
in the field are doing take a look here.
The gOpenMol developed by Leif Laaksonen is a general purpose molecular
graphics toolbox for the analysis and display of molecular structures,
trajectories and properties. The program is available for Windows 95/98/NT/2000,
Intel Linux and SGI platforms.
This is the homepage of CAMO in Norway. UNSCRAMBLER, now in version
7.6 is their chemometric product that is a leading commercial product in
this category. The company makes available a demonstraation version that
is limited to a series of provided data sets. Downloading this demo version
is a great way for students to become familiar with chemometrics and of
a product that has large commercial applications in many chemical fields
This is the homepage of Infomerix in the State of Washington. PIRORETTE,
now in vession 2.7, is their chemometric product that is also a leading
commercial product in this category. The company also makes available a
demonstration version that is limited to a series of provided data sets.
Downloading this demo version is also a great way for students to become
familiar with chemometrics and of a product that has large commercial applications
in many chemical fields. Students might download UNSCRAMBLER and PIRORETTE
and compare the features that each of these commercial products have.
The full versions of these programs cost many thousands of dollars (PIRORETTE
is $4000) but companies can recover their costs rapidly via efficient use
of thee programs!
When you get around to setting up your own Web page, this is an excellent
source for clipart that you might want to use.
Shareware is software that you download, try out and then (unlike freeware)
pay for if you find the software to be useful. By September,1999 this site
referenced over 300,000 files very few of which are chemical in nature.
The chemistry student, however, will find this to be a good introduction
to the concept of shareware and freeware.
There are many locations on the internet where software is deposited
for use by others. Simtel is one of the better known of these collections
and is available at many locations. The software is usually classified
by the operating system and the subject area. You will find it useful to
take a look at Simtel and become familiar with the layout and content.
I find Simtel to be particularly valuable as a general resource. Two of
the better depositories to visit are Oakland
University in Michigan and Washington
University in St. Louis.
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8. CAREER INFORMATION
Career Information Sources on the Internet - A mostly unannotated selection:
-
JobSpectrum JobSpectrum
is the only chemical science career site backed by the American Chemical
Society
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Careers in ChemistryA
Table of Career Choices for chemistry majors from R. E. Buntrock
-
Career Path lists classified
ads from the nation's newspapers.
-
Head hunters offers free services
and is on many top-10 lists.
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