Readings for So 191:

Social Change in Developing Countries



 
Pacific Rim:

Asia, a Civilization in the Making, Masakazu Yamazaki, Foreign Affairs, July/August 1996.
According to Masakazu Yamazaki, modernity is the force that will bring about the convergence of East and West in the Pacific Basin region. Born in the West, modernity has radically transformed both East and West in this century. In order to have historical relevance, the Pacific sphere must, and it is hoped that it will, serve as a transitional stronghold, helping to overcome fanatic nationalism and fundamentalism in all its forms. 


Controlling Economic Competition in the Pacific Rim, Charles W. Kegley Jr., USA Today Magazine (Society for the Advancement of Education), May 1998.
China, Japan, and the United States are the big three economic powers in the Pacific Rim, and they must learn to cooperate economically, politically, and militarily if prosperity is to succeed. A unified collective spirit in the Pacific Rim, and in the entire global system in the twenty-first century, is the responsibility of these big three powers.


How Asia Went from Boom to Gloom, Andrew Z. Szamosszegi, The World & I, May 1998. 
Due to the recent East Asian economic crisis, many countries must reform the economic systems that lifted them from poverty to near prosperity. The roots of the crisis can be traced to a combination of adopting too closely the Japanese economic model, not letting market forces guide their economic development, and a banking system that is being milked for loans by corrupt officials. 


Fallen idol, The Economist, June 20, 1998 
Japan was once feared for its economic might. Today it is feared for its economic weakness--and the harm its ailing system might do to the rest of Asia and the world. Just how sick is Japan?


Asian Values and the Asian Crisis, Francis Fukuyama, Commentary, February 1998.
The significant differences in social and cultural values among the countries of East Asia helped precipitate the recent Asian economic crisis. Attitudes toward work and money varied tremendously from one part of Asia to another, and, in many ways, economic growth was contingent on the rejection of their own cultural heritage. 


Out with the Old, in with Something Much Less Familiar, The Economist, October 10, 1998.
After the economic turmoil in Southeast Asia, the resultant political changes were inevitable. As this article points out, these changes have just begun.


Out of the Ashes? Southeast Asia's Struggle through Crisis, Stephen Parker, The Brookings Review, Summer 1998. 
In the wake of Southeast Asia's struggle with its economic crisis has come political change, recession, unprecedented unemployment, surging inflation, and collapsing imports throughout the entire region.


Japanese Roots, Jared Diamond, Discover, June 1998. 
The Japanese are very unique and distinctive in their culture and environment. Just who are they, and where did they come from? Jared Diamond examines some of the questions of Japanese roots.


In Defense of Japanese Bureaucracy, Peter F. Drucker, Foreign Affairs, September/October 1998. 
The realities of the dominance of bureaucracy in Japan are discussed in this article: Japanese bureaucracy is a good deal less overbearing than of some other developed countries; bureaucratic elites manage to keep power despite personal problems; procrastination is a proven method of solving problems; and as an overriding rule, society comes first, not the economy.


Sputter, Cough, Choke, Robert Alan Feldman, The Brookings Review, Summer 1998. 
Japan will not be able to solve the Asian Pacific financial crisis. It does not have the fiscal power and maneuverability to drive Asian economics, and may not have the political will.


Why Japan Won't Budge, Justin Fox, Fortune, September 7, 1998. 
Why won't Japan bail out Asia? As Justin Fox points out, there are fundamental economic forces that drive Japan's financial system.


Once Prized, Japan's Elderly Feel Abandoned and Fearful, Nicholas D. Kristof, New York Times, August 4, 1997.
In Japan, filial devotion traditionally ran a close second to loyalty to one's feudal lord. Recently, however, there has been a shift in attitudes toward the elderly as many young Japanese feel less of a debt to their parents. 


The Dilemma of a Fading People, Johnathan Sprague, Asiaweek, April 3 1998. 
Most population worries over the past 30 years had to do with having too many people -- that we may be reproducing beyond our planet's ability to support us. This remains a specter. But in future, the problems of population explosion will increasingly be complicated by those of population busts in Japan and Europe.


The System that Soured: Toward a New Paradigm to Guide Japan Policy, Richard Katz, The Washington Quarterly, Autumn, 1998 
Richard Katz, senior editor of the Oriental Economist Report, surveys the history of Japanology in the United States and suggests a new paradigm to capture the urgent need for reform there. This article is adapted from his new book, Japan: The System That Soured -- The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Economic Miracle, published by M. E. Sharpe.


A Continental Divide: Who Owns Aboriginal Lands?, Lindsey Arkley, The Christian Science Monitor, December 8, 1997. 
In Australia the rights of native Aborigines have come under recent debate. The Aboriginal ownership of a great deal of Australia's land mass has created a national political crisis.


The New Order, Edward A. Gargan, The New Republic, April 20, 1998.
With Hong Kong reverting to China, there were a number of questions about what would happen to this important Asian financial center. Edward Gargan examines some of the changes that have taken place and what will continue to take place as Hong Kong truly becomes part of China.


China's New Family Values, Leslie Pappas, Newsweek, August 24, 1998. 
Chinese leaders have been unhappy with their country's high divorce rates and the prevalence of adultery. New rules are being imposed by conservative legislators: marriage will have a required waiting period, a divorce will be difficult to obtain, and a conviction for adultery will be punishable by forced labor.


Indonesia's Discontent, Curtis Runyan, World Watch, May/June 1998. 
For the last three decades, the rulers of the world's fourth most populous country have pursued an aggressive and seemingly successful development policy. As Curtis Runyan points out, much of this success has been achieved through a relentless exploitation of the country's rich environmental assets.


Not Fair: Indonesia Feels More Unequal Than It Is, The Economist, July 26, 1997. 
Indonesians used to be able to rely on their village community for protection and justice. Today, people have to rely more on formal legal and political systems, which are seen as hopelessly biased in favor or the rich and powerful.


Little House on the Paddy: Life in a Northern Vietnam Village, Cameron W. Barr, The Christian Science Monitor, September 30, 1997.
Life in rural Vietnam has increased in quality since the end of collective farming. Cameron Barr reviews how people now have control over their lives.


Vietnam's Communists Eye New Vices as Market Worries Rise, Minh T. Vo, The Christian Science Monitor, April 3, 1998. 
The control of the Communist regime in Vietnam is being challenged by a populace that is lured by a market economy. 


Philippine Leader Tries to Withstand Buffeting From Scandal, Mark Landler,  New York Times, Oct. 17, 2000 

Corruption inThailand, Ron Moreau, Oct 16, 2000, Newsweek.

South Korea, in Turnabout, Now Calls for More Babies, NORIMITSU ONISHI
August 21, 2005, New York Times